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🔢 Maths

2D and 3D Shapes

🔢 Maths KS2 — Ages 7–11 ✓ 3 key facts
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Key Facts

1 2D shapes are flat and have only length and width; 3D shapes have length, width and height (or depth).
2 Regular polygons have sides of equal length and angles of equal size (e.g. equilateral triangle, square).
3 3D shapes have faces (flat surfaces), edges (where two faces meet) and vertices (corner points).

Explore the properties of 2D and 3D shapes — sides, faces, edges and vertices.

Shapes are all around us and can be grouped into 2D (flat) and 3D (solid) shapes. Two-dimensional shapes have length and width but no depth — they are perfectly flat. Common 2D shapes include triangles (3 sides), quadrilaterals (4 sides — including squares, rectangles, rhombuses and trapeziums), pentagons (5 sides), hexagons (6 sides) and octagons (8 sides). A regular polygon has all sides equal and all angles equal. Three-dimensional shapes have three dimensions — length, width and depth. We describe them using faces (flat or curved surfaces), edges (where two faces meet) and vertices (corner points). A cube has 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices. A cylinder has 2 flat circular faces and 1 curved surface. A sphere has 0 edges, 0 vertices and 1 curved face. Knowing the properties of shapes helps in design, engineering and art.

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